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History of St. Louis (1866–1904)
The history of St. Louis, Missouri from 1866 to 1904 was marked by rapid growth, and the population of St. Louis increased so that it became the fourth largest city in the United States after New York City, Philadelphia, and Chicago.〔Arenson (2011), 218.〕 It also experienced rapid infrastructure and transportation development and the growth of heavy industry. The period culminated with the 1904 World's Fair and 1904 Summer Olympics, which were concurrently held in St. Louis.
==Infrastructure and parks==
During the Civil War, the infrastructure of St. Louis had suffered from neglect; another cholera epidemic struck in 1866, and typhoid fever raged in certain quarters.〔Primm (1998), 266.〕 One of the earliest changes to come about due to the 1866 cholera epidemic (which killed more than 3500) was the establishment of the St. Louis Board of Health, which was given power to create and enforce sanitary regulations and monitor the activities of certain polluting industries.〔Hurley (1997), 152.〕 To rectify some of the problems with the water system, a new waterworks was built in north St. Louis in 1871, accompanied by a large reservoir at Compton Hill and a standpipe at Grand Avenue.〔Primm (1998), 267.〕 However, water quality problems continued due to high demand and the dumping of waste upriver from the waterworks.〔 The gas light system also saw improvements during the 1870s, when the Laclede Gaslight Company was formed to serve the south side of the city.〔
In the early 1870s, new industries began to grow in St. Louis, such as cotton compressing, a process in which raw cotton is compressed for easier shipment.〔Primm (1998), 277.〕 By 1880, St. Louis was the third largest raw cotton market in the United States, with an overwhelming majority of it transported to the city by railroad.〔Primm (1998), 278.〕 Among these new railroad connections was the Cotton Belt Railroad, organized in St. Louis in 1879 from smaller lines that connected the region to cotton producers in Texas.〔
St. Louis also saw the expansion of its park system during the 1860s and 1870s.〔Primm (1998), 306.〕 Besides the common fields which were converted into Lafayette Park, in 1868 Henry Shaw donated land for Tower Grove Park, and in 1872, the state legislature authorized the city to purchase more than 1000 acres for a park.〔 After a series of court challenges, the city completed the purchase in 1874 and the park was opened in 1876.〔〔Arenson (2011), 199.〕 When it was purchased, the area surrounding Forest Park was largely rural.〔Arenson (2011), 205.〕 Although there were doubts among some in the city (such as the editorial staff of the St. Louis Globe Democrat), the city eventually grew to surround the park.〔Arenson (2011), 206.〕 The park site was among the last in St. Louis County (now in St. Louis City) to contain Native American burial mounds.〔 Although it originally opened as an integrated park, Jim Crow laws eventually restricted the use of the park by African-Americans.〔Arenson (2011), 207.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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